Let Var and Const in Javascript

Variables are Containers for Storing Data and the variable is the name of the memory location.

A variable is a kind of data storage that has labels. It’s a method for identifying and storing data and values for subsequent program executions. Imagine a container has a name, inside which you can store various items such as words, numbers, or other forms of data. You can declare variables using three keywords: let, var, or const. 

Var

• One way to declare variables in JavaScript is with the var keyword. 
• Before ES6 var was used to declare variables in JavaScript.
• The var keyword indicates that the variable is to be available only within the function that declared it. 
• Because of its peculiarities and possible problems, var is less frequently used in contemporary JavaScript.

var age 25;
console.log("Initial Age:", age); // Output: Initial Age: 25

// Update the variable
if (true) {
   var age=30; // This reassigns the variable, even though it's within a block 
   console.log("Updated Age Inside Block:", age); 
 }

//Output: Updated Age Inside Block: 30

// Display the updated value outside the block
 console.log("Updated Age Outside Block:", age);

// Output: Updated Age Outside Block: 30

Let

• Let keyword is  used to declare variables in javascript
• Introduced with ECMAScript 6 (ES6), it provides block scope. Exclusively within the block containing their definition, encased in curly braces, are variables declared using let accessible.
• Because its behavior is more predictable than that of var, let is more commonly used.

Example 1:

let message="Hello"; // Declare a variable using let
message=message+" World"; // updated the variable
console.log(message) // output:Hello World

Example 2:

let age 25;
console.log("Initial Age:", age); // Output: Initial Age: 25

// Update the variable
if (true) {
   var let=30; // This creates new variable, because it is in new block 
   console.log("Updated Age Inside Block:", age); 
 }

//Output: Updated Age Inside Block: 30

// Display the updated value outside the block
 console.log("Updated Age Outside Block:", age);

// Output: Updated Age Outside Block: 25

“Let” has block scope so when we declared “age” using “let” inside “if block”.This will not change the value of “age” outside the block.

Const

• In JavaScript, const is a keyword used to declare variables
• Another new feature in ES6 is the ability to declare variables as constants with the const keyword. These variables should not have their values changed after initialization.
• This is why the const keyword is so useful when you need a variable to have a constant value all through your code.
• Using const not only communicates the immutability of a variable but also helps prevent accidental reassignment, making your code more robust and self-explanatory.
• Like let, const has block scope.

const pi = 3.14;
console.log(pi); // Output: 3.14

// Attempting to reassign a const variable will result in an error
pi = 3.14159; // Error: Assignment to constant variable

Differences between var, let, and const:

// Using var 
var x = 5;
if (true) {
    var x = 10;
    console.log("Inside Block (var):", x); // Output: Inside Block (var): 10
}
console.log("Outside Block (var):", x); // Output: Outside Block (var): 10

// Using let
let y=5;
if (true) { 
let y= 10;
console.log("Inside Block (let):", y); // Output: Inside Block (let): 10
}
console.log("Outside Block (let):", y); // Output: Outside Block (let): 5

// Using const

const z = 5;
// const z 10; // Uncommenting this line will result in an error
console.log("Const Variable (const):", z); // Output: Const Variable (const): 5